Racking up an estimated $150 billion a year, human trafficking is one of the top three criminal enterprises globally, and Canada is not exempt.

Concern about the reach of criminal organizations that can take young women and traffic them for sex prompted a recent conference hosted by the Akwesasne Family Wellness Program to help service providers address the issue and clear up misconceptions. The AFWP is based in the Cornwall-area Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne which straddles the U.S.-Canada border along the St. Lawrence River between Kingston and Montreal. The well-attended event featured presentations from police, resource workers in human trafficking, a former prosecutor and a sex-trafficking survivor.

Patrick Dussault, the anti-human trafficking liaison for the program, said he first learned about the impacts of human trafficking from a survivor who shared her experience at a conference for Ontario Provincial Police officers in 2012.

‘I feel like my community has a lot of trauma — a lot of hurt and grief. There is human trafficking going on that a lot of people don’t talk about or they’re not aware, or they don’t even know that it’s happening to them.’

— Shyla Oakes, anti-human sex trafficking liaison, Akwesasne Family Wellness Program

“I can’t believe this is happening in our country,” Dussault recalled thinking when he heard her story.

The average age for girls who are being forced into sex trafficking is 13, Dussault says, adding.“that means we have girls as young as 12, 11.”

Infographic on signs of human trafficking: 1. No control of their own money or cellphone, may have more than one cellphone in their possession 2. Being controlled by others, driven to and from locations, and escorted at all times 3. Act in a fearful, anxious, submissive or nervous manner, excessive concern about displeasing partner/employer 4. May have bruises or other signs of physical abuse, including being malnourished
Signs of human trafficking according to the Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking.
(Infographic © Isabelle Lam)

Shyla Oakes, the anti-human sex trafficking liaison with the AFWP, said: “People mistake human trafficking with smuggling humans.”

According to a Public Safety Canada overview of human trafficking in this country, “human smuggling is, by nature, a transnational crime whereas trafficking in persons is not. Human trafficking often happens within a country’s own borders. Human smuggling generally involves the consent of the person smuggled. Trafficked persons have either never consented or their consent has been rendered meaningless by the trafficker’s exploitative conduct.”

In Canada, pimps can take on the guise of a loved one. “Often times, girls don’t realize they’re being trafficked,” said Dussault. “That’s often the case where they think it’s a boyfriend.”

He added: “You think it’s your choice, but these girls also have a quota, so if you don’t meet the quota, you get a beating.”

Dussault said one of the things they hoped to achieve from the conference is to connect service providers so they can have a bigger impact.  They also are working to train service providers to recognize signs of trafficking and to raise awareness that is needed.

Canadian police services reported 2,977 incidents of human trafficking between 2010 and 2020, Statistics Canada says.

However, trafficking happens on a much larger scale than what is recorded, according to Jodi Mosley, chair of A New Day Youth and Adult Services, a restorative home in Ottawa for survivors of sex trafficking.

“They’re not really the true stats. It’s only what’s recorded and reported to the police,” Mosley said.

Wendy Gee, chair of the Ottawa Coalition to End Human Trafficking, said COVID-19 has done nothing to lessen the effect of human trafficking.

“I think it’s gone up,” Gee said. “It’s made it worse. It’s complicated service delivery but it hasn’t complicated human trafficking.”

Before the pandemic, Mosley said it would have been possible for a survivor to leave her phone behind and get help during the day.

“If you’re trying to get away from your trafficker, you need 15 minutes to yourself,” Mosley said. “They track you on your phone, they track you everywhere.”

Mosley said since services were closed during COVID, help was not accessible.

Jodi Mosley, chair of Ottawa recovery centre A New Day Youth and Adult Services (left) and Wendy Gee, chair of the Ottawa Coalition to End Human Trafficking. The COVID-19 pandemic has “made it worse,” says Gee. “It’s complicated service delivery but it hasn’t complicated human trafficking.” [Photo © Isabelle Lam]

Dussault said there is only one solution to sex trafficking: “We need to curb the demand or cut it.”

“I feel like my community has a lot of trauma — a lot of hurt and grief,” Oakes said of the Akwesasne nation. “There is human trafficking going on that a lot of people don’t talk about or they’re not aware, or they don’t even know that it’s happening to them.”

Oakes works with Dussault to “create more awareness, get more information out there, and let the community know that we’re here.”

Dussault highlighted the importance of alerting authorities of suspicious activity: “What if it was your daughter or your sister or your cousin?”

He added: “If you see something, say something. We could save one.”

Mosley said it’s important to learn as much as possible and keep the conversation going: “If we don’t do that, it’s going to fall to the wayside.”

More Stories